Consider the U.S. monetary and financial data above. The data come from the FRED database (see below for the link). The numbers for savings and other liquid deposits are my calculations off the FRED data. Public debt held by the public is the total value of all the Treasury bonds held by the public. Retail money market funds are those held by individuals.  Total money market funds include those held by individuals and institutions (like retirement accounts). Calculate the following: M2 money supply on January 1, 2019 = [Fill in the blank], billion dollars M2 money supply on January 1, 2020 = [Fill in the blank], billion dollars M2 money supply on January 1, 2021 = [Fill in the blank], billion dollars Federal Reserve Economic Data | FRED | St. Louis Fed Links to an external site. Multiple fill-in-the-blank

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For the author, the concept of "monetary hardness" is described as: 1. The difficulty in accessing the favor of credit facilities. 2. The presence of tangible assets like precious metals within the reserves of the banking system, including the central bank. 3. The challenge in altering the financial ledger to increase the quantity of money (both the base and the broad money). 4. The risk of creating a duplicate through a process known as a hard fork affecting the total monetary supply. 5. The proportion of precious metals contained within the physical form of currency. 6. In many underdeveloped nations, the local fiat currency is often regarded as extremely fragile, making it difficult to increase financial leverage. 7. The extent to which money exists in a physical form, such as banknotes and coins. A. 3 is True. B. 3 & 6 are True. C. 5 & 7 are True. D. 1 is True. E. 4 is True.

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Suppose the Federal Reserve buys bonds from the banking system, the money supply curve

Jane has $200 in cash, $1,000 in savings deposits, and $5,000 invested in mutual funds. What most accurately describes her M1 holdings?

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