In our classification scheme for interactions, which of the following cases we saw in class would end up in the (+, −) quadrant of the plot? Check all that apply.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The (+, −) quadrant denotes interactions in which one organism gains a fitness benefit while the other experiences a fitness loss—classical parasitism or predation (beneficiary +, harmed partner −).

Relevant concepts:
- Interaction sign notation: (+,+) mutualism, (+,0) commensalism, (−,0) amensalism, (−,−) competition, (+,−) parasitism/predation.
- Biological examples: epibiotic/parasitic relationships and predator–prey relationships produce (+, −) outcomes because one partner obtains resources at the cost of the other.

Step-by-step reasoning for each option:
1) Nanosynbacter and Actinomyces
- Nanosynbacter (TM7/TM7x) are known epibiotic parasites of Actinomyces. Experimental co-culture work showed Nanosynbacter attaches to Actinomyces cells, derives nutrients, and suppresses host growth and division. That is a clear + for Nanosynbacter (it gains resource/fitness) and − for Actinomyces (reduced growth/fitness). Therefore this pair falls into (+, −).

2) Bdellovibrio and another gram-negative bacteria
- Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory bacterium that invades the periplasm of Gram-negative bacteria, consumes cellular contents, and lyses the prey. Bdellovibrio benefits (growth/reproduction inside prey) while the prey is killed (fitness loss). This predator–prey relationship is a textbook (+, −) interaction.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- Roseburia intestinalis and Blautia hydrogenotrophica: both are gut fermenters often contributing to host/microbial community function and coexistence; their interactions are typically neutral or mutualistic/commensal rather than parasitic, so not (+, −).
- Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: two sympatric Bacteroides species are more likely to exhibit competition or niche partitioning (potentially (−, −) or neutral), not a parasite–host (+, −) relationship.

Conclusion: The correct pairs that belong in the (+, −) quadrant are Nanosynbacter and Actinomyces, and Bdellovibrio and another gram-negative bacterium, which matches the provided answer.

In our classification scheme for interactions, which of the following cases we saw in class would end up in the (+, −) quadrant of the plot? Check all that apply. 多项选择题

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