Question at position 12 Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times. She also took all her savings and invested in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited the previous semester. The DSM-5 diagnosis would most likely bebipolar disorderimpulsivity depressionattention deficit hyperactivity disorderdepressive maniamanic depressionSingle choice
A
bipolar disorder
B
impulsivity depression
C
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
D
depressive mania
E
manic depression

Question

Question at position 12 Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She has cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times. She also took all her savings and invested in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited the previous semester. The DSM-5 diagnosis would most likely bebipolar disorderimpulsivity depressionattention deficit hyperactivity disorderdepressive maniamanic depressionSingle choice

A

bipolar disorder

B

impulsivity depression

C

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

D

depressive mania

E

manic depression

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by distinct mood episodes—manic or hypomanic episodes alternating with depressive episodes—so the described pattern points to that diagnosis.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- DSM-5 mania criteria: a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy/activity lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization required). 
- During mania, at least three (or four if mood is only irritable) of symptoms must be present: inflated self-esteem/grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative/pressured speech, flight of ideas, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity/psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in risky activities with potential for painful consequences.
- Bipolar disorder involves episodes (manic/hypomanic and depressive); terminology “manic depression” is historical but DSM-5 uses “bipolar disorder.”

2) Step-by-step reasoning mapping case to criteria
- Elevated mood: roommate “says she is on top of the world” → grandiosity/elevated mood.
- Decreased need for sleep: “has not slept much in the past few days.”
- Increased goal-directed activity: “cleaned and re-cleaned her closets several times.”
- Risky behavior with potential consequences: “took all her savings and invested in a questionable financial venture.”
- Duration: “This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week,” meeting the ≥1 week threshold for a manic episode.
- History: “in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited the previous semester,” indicating prior depressive episode consistent with bipolar pattern.

3) Intermediate logical steps
- Multiple mania symptoms present (≥3), sustained >1 week → meets DSM-5 manic episode.
- Presence of prior depressive episode → bipolar disorder rather than a single manic episode.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- The cluster of symptoms (grandiosity, decreased sleep, increased activity, risky behavior), their duration (>1 week), and prior depression align exactly with DSM-5 bipolar disorder (manic episode plus depressive history).

5) Why other options are incorrect
- “Impulsivity depression” is not a DSM-5 diagnosis and does not account for elevated mood and decreased need for sleep.
- ADHD is chronic from childhood and involves inattention/hyperactivity across contexts, not discrete week-long mood episodes or prior depressive episodes.
- “Depressive mania” is not standard DSM-5 terminology and mislabels the presentation.
- “Manic depression” is an older term historically synonymous with bipolar disorder, but DSM-5 uses “bipolar disorder”; the best DSM-5 answer is “bipolar disorder.”

6) Conclusion
All criteria point to bipolar disorder, which matches the provided correct answer: bipolar disorder.

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