According to normative statistical modelling, mental disorders are defined as:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Normative statistical modelling defines mental disorders as deviations from statistically normal functioning — that is, behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that fall far from the population mean or outside the range considered typical in a given domain.

Relevant concepts:
- Statistical (normative) model: uses population distributions and norms to judge typical vs. atypical functioning; rarity or extreme deviation is the criterion for disorder.
- Alternative models: psychoanalytic explanations (unconscious conflicts), harmful-dysfunction (biological/psychological dysfunction plus harm), and clinical-significance criteria (distress/impairment).

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Identify the core claim of each option:
   - Option A: “Psychological symptoms arising from normative unconscious conflicts.” This is rooted in psychoanalytic theory, not statistical norms.
   - Option B: “Dysfunction in normal psychological and biological processes.” This matches Wakefield’s harmful-dysfunction model (focus on failure of internal mechanisms), not a statistical definition.
   - Option C: “Deviations from statistically normal functioning.” This explicitly references deviation from population norms — the hallmark of the normative statistical model.
   - Option D: “Clinically significant disturbances in behaviour.” This echoes DSM wording emphasizing distress/impairment (clinical significance), not strictly rarity or statistical deviation.

2. Match the normative statistical definition: The model judges “disorder” by where an individual lies on a measurable distribution; extreme scores (e.g., very low IQ, extremely high anxiety relative to norms) are labeled atypical or disordered according to statistical thresholds.

Why the correct answer is correct:
Option C directly states the criterion used by the normative statistical approach — deviation from statistically defined normal functioning. That is the defining feature of this model.

Why other options are incorrect:
- A describes psychoanalytic etiology, not a statistical criterion.
- B describes dysfunction-based accounts that require biological/psychological mechanism failure and often harm, not mere statistical deviation.
- D refers to clinical-significance (distress/impairment) used in diagnostic manuals, which is conceptually different from statistical rarity.

Conclusion: The correct choice is “Deviations from statistically normal functioning,” which matches the normative statistical modelling definition. This confirms the provided answer.

According to normative statistical modelling, mental disorders are defined as:单项选择题

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