Which of the major mass extinction events most profoundly affected ammonites?

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question focus: which major mass extinction event most profoundly affected ammonites?
Option a: End Ordovician. The End Ordovician extinction primarily affected marine organisms like graptolites, brachiopods, and trilobites, but ammonites are not the hallmark victims of this event, and ammonoids as a group were not the defining group associated with this extinction.
Option b: End Triassic. The End Triassic extinction impacted many marine and terrestrial groups and did influence ammonoids to some extent, but the most striking, well-documented wipeout for ammonite diversity occurs at a different, more famous boundary. This choice does not align with the event most strongly associated with ammonite loss.
Option c: End Cretaceous. The End Cretaceous (K-Pg boundary) is renowned for the demise of ammonites in many lineages, coinciding with the mass extinction that also eliminated non-avian dinosaurs. Ammonite diversity plummeted, and numerous families disappeared, making this event the most deeply destructive to ammonites in the fossil record.
Option d: End Permian. The End Permian mass extinction was the most severe in overall history, affecting many taxa across ecosystems, but ammonites (ammonoids) did experience turnover and declines here as well. However, the depth and later pronounced loss in ammonite diversity are more characteristically tied to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary rather than the Permian event.
In summary, while multiple mass extinctions impacted ammonites to varying degrees, the End Cretaceous event is the one most closely associated with a dramatic and widespread ammonite extinction across many lineages, leaving a lasting impression on their fossil record.

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