Today, the basic management functions are considered to be ________.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Management theory is typically summarized by the four core functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (often abbreviated POLC).

Relevant concepts:
- Planning: setting goals and deciding in advance the actions and resources needed to achieve them.
- Organizing: arranging and structuring resources (people, tasks, technology) to implement the plan.
- Leading: directing, motivating, communicating with, and guiding people to execute tasks and achieve objectives.
- Controlling: measuring performance, comparing it to plans, and taking corrective action to ensure goals are met.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Historical foundation: Early management thinkers like Henri Fayol described management tasks (planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling). Modern management theory synthesizes these into four broad functions that encompass Fayol’s list.
2. Compare the options to the standard POLC framework:
   - Option C lists planning, organizing, leading, and controlling — this directly matches the standard framework used in textbooks and practice.
3. Understand the scope of each term: leading includes motivating and directing people; controlling includes monitoring and corrective measures. Thus variations like “motivating” or “monitoring” are components of leading or controlling, not separate top-level functions.

Why option C is correct:
- It names the four functions that together form a complete managerial cycle: establish goals (planning), arrange resources (organizing), guide people (leading), and ensure results match plans (controlling). These four cover the full managerial process and are widely accepted in management education and practice.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- Option A (commanding, organizing, leading, decision making): “Commanding” is an older term and “decision making” is an activity embedded in all functions rather than a distinct top-level function.
- Option B (planning, coordinating, leading, monitoring): “Coordinating” and “monitoring” are components of organizing and controlling respectively, not the canonical four.
- Option D (planning, organizing, leading, motivating): “Motivating” is part of leading, not a separate function.

Conclusion: The correct answer is planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, which matches the provided answer.

Today, the basic management functions are considered to be ________.单项选择题

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