Polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins are similar in that they are

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Question restatement: Polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins are similar in that they are

Answer options:
1) synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
2) synthesized from monomers by condensation reactions.
3) decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.
4) decomposed into their subunits by condensation reactions in the presence of water.

Now, evaluating each option individually:
Option 1: 'synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.' Hydrolysis is a reaction that breaks bonds by adding water, not a process that builds macromolecules. Therefore this statement is incorrect because it describes a degradation process rather than synthesis.

Option 2: 'synthesized from monomers by condensation reactions.' Condensation (or dehydration synthesis) is the process by which monomers are joined together with the loss of a water molecule to form polymers like polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins. This aligns with the common biochemistry understanding of macromolecule assembly, so this statement is true.

Option 3: 'decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions.' Dehydration reactions are another way to describe condensation synthesis, which forms bonds and water is removed. However, 'decomposed' implies breakdown, whereas dehydration synthesis is a bonding process. Decomposition of macromolecules typically occurs via hydrolysis, not dehydration. Thus this statement is misleading and incorrect as written.

Option 4: 'decomposed into their subunits by condensation reactions in the presence of water.' Decomposition involves breaking down polymers into subunits, not building them up. Condensation reactions also remove water to form bonds, not to break them. Therefore this option is incorrect because it combines ideas of decomposition with an inappropriate reaction type.

Summary of reasoning: Hydrolysis (Option 1) is a breaking-down process, not synthesis. Condensation synthesis (Option 2) is exactly how monomers are joined to form macromolecules, making this the correct description. Decomposition (Options 3 and 4) involves breaking down polymers, and while dehydration can relate to synthesis, calling it a decomposition process is inaccurate or mischaracterized in these statements. The most accurate and standard description among the choices is Option 2.

Polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins are similar in that they are单项选择题

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