What conclusion did the researchers draw regarding the role of socioeconomic factors and life span in regards to this study?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Association does not prove causation: the researchers inferred that the apparent longevity benefit seen among tennis players could be explained by socioeconomic and lifestyle differences rather than tennis itself. Key concepts: observational studies can show correlation but are subject to confounding (third variables that influence both exposure and outcome), selection bias (certain people self-select into activities), and the need to distinguish direct causal effects from associations driven by other factors.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. The study observed that tennis players lived longer on average than non-players. This is an association, not direct proof that playing tennis causes increased lifespan.
2. Researchers considered confounding variables. Socioeconomic status (SES) — including income, education, and available leisure time — is a plausible confounder because higher SES is linked both to greater participation in leisure sports like tennis and to better overall health care, nutrition, and living conditions that increase life span.
3. If people with sufficient money and time are more likely to play tennis, their greater longevity could stem from those SES advantages rather than the act of playing tennis.
4. The conclusion therefore emphasized that the relationship might reflect these two factors (sufficient leisure time and the associated socioeconomic advantages) rather than a direct protective effect of tennis.

Why the correct answer is correct:
The chosen option explicitly states that people who have sufficient leisure time to play tennis may live longer because of those socioeconomic factors — this captures the researchers’ caution that SES and leisure explain the observed association.

Why the other options are incorrect:
- Option A (“Socioeconomic factors did not have any impact”) contradicts the researchers’ suggestion that SES may explain the association.
- Option C (“People with insufficient money and leisure time live longer regardless”) is implausible and contrary to well-established links between low SES and poorer health outcomes.
- Option D (“People with higher incomes tend to participate in more sports, leading to longer life spans”) asserts a causal chain that the researchers did not confirm; they highlighted the possibility that SES and leisure underlie the association, not that sports participation alone causes greater longevity.

Conclusion: The correct answer is: “It may be that people who have sufficient leisure time to play tennis live longer because they have those two factors.” This matches the provided answer.

What conclusion did the researchers draw regarding the role of socioeconomic factors and life span in regards to this study?单项选择题

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