Jenna is very careful not to hurt another person’s feelings. She earned a spot as the team captain for her tennis team, but she knew that her teammate really wanted to be captain, so she asked her coach to give it to the other player. Jenna’s brother said she should not have done that because she earned it. What moral orientation is her brother's response motivated by?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

A justice orientation emphasizes fairness, rights, and entitlement—focusing on who deserves what based on rules or merit.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Justice vs. care orientation: Justice orientation values fairness, rules, and rights; care orientation values relationships, empathy, and protection of others’ feelings (Carol Gilligan).  
- Kohlberg’s levels (related choices): preconventional (self-interest/punishment avoidance), conventional (conformity, social order), postconventional (abstract principles and universal rights). The choices offered mix orientation (justice/care) and developmental stages (pre/postconventional).

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Jenna declines the captain role because she is worried about her teammate’s feelings and wants to avoid hurting her: that behavior is characteristic of a care orientation (relationship- and empathy-driven).  
- Jenna’s brother insists she should not have given up the captaincy “because she earned it.” This argument centers on entitlement and fairness—if she earned the role, fairness dictates she keep it.

3. Intermediate logical steps
- Identify the motive signaled by the brother’s statement: “earned it” => appeal to merit and fairness.  
- Match that motive to the concept list: merit/fairness aligns with a justice orientation.  
- Contrast with other options: care orientation appeals to feelings and relationships (not the brother’s focus). Preconventional focuses on personal reward/punishment (brother’s remark is not about avoiding punishment or self-gain). Postconventional appeals to abstract universal principles beyond simple fairness; the brother’s comment is straightforward fairness/merit, not invoking higher moral philosophy.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- The brother’s objection is grounded in the principle that rights or rewards should follow merit—this is the defining feature of a justice orientation.

5. Why other options are incorrect (brief)
- Care orientation: would prioritize protecting the teammate’s feelings (that was Jenna’s motive, not the brother’s).  
- Postconventional orientation: involves abstract universal principles and moral reasoning beyond common-sense fairness—brother’s statement is not at that level.  
- Preconventional orientation: centers on self-interest or avoidance of punishment, not fairness based on earned status.

6. Conclusion
- Therefore, the brother’s response is motivated by a justice orientation, which matches the provided correct answer.

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