A recent study found that radiologists would often fail to notice an image of a gorilla in x-rays they were asked to analyze. This demonstrates the phenomenon known as

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

At the core of this question is the idea that people can miss a salient event when their attention is engaged elsewhere. This sets the stage for evaluating each choice.
Option 1: 'inattentional blindness.' This option describes the exact phenomenon where an unexpected object (like a gorilla) goes unnoticed because attention is focused on a demanding task (reading X-ray images). The key feature is that the person is not blind to the stimulus in general; instead, attention is selectively allocated, causing a failure to perceive something obvious. This fits the described study.
Option 2: 'effortful encoding.' Encoding relates to how information is taken in and stored in memory. When encoding is effortful, performance improves with deliberate, attentive processing, but the gorilla example is about failure to notice during perception, not about memory encoding or how well something is encoded after perception. So this does not capture the described effect.
Option 3: 'stimulus discrimination.' This term refers to the ability to distinguish between different stimuli (tell one thing from another). The gorilla scenario is not about distinguishing similar stimuli; it’s about missing a stimulus altogether due to limited attention, which is a different cognitive bottleneck. Therefore, this is not the right explanation for the observed lapse.
Option 4: 'bottom-up processing.' Bottom-up processing is data-driven perception guided by sensory input, starting with stimuli features and building up to recognition. The gorilla miss in this context is better explained by a top-down attentional bottleneck rather than a failure of processing basic sensory features, which would be more aligned with bottom-up accounts. Hence, this option does not describe the phenomenon at hand.

A recent study found that radiologists would often fail to notice an image of a gorilla in x-rays they were asked to analyze. This demonstrates the phenomenon known as单项选择题

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