Question at position 8 An excess of growth hormone (GH) before puberty can result in the development ofgigantism.Graves' disease.acromegaly.pituitary dwarfism.Clear my selection单项选择题
A
gigantism.
B
Graves' disease.
C
acromegaly.
D
pituitary dwarfism.

Question

Question at position 8 An excess of growth hormone (GH) before puberty can result in the development ofgigantism.Graves' disease.acromegaly.pituitary dwarfism.Clear my selection

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Excess growth hormone (GH) before the epiphyseal growth plates close produces excessive longitudinal bone growth, resulting in gigantism.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- GH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of bone and soft tissues, primarily by increasing IGF-1 from the liver.
- During childhood and adolescence the epiphyseal (growth) plates in long bones are open, allowing increased GH/IGF-1 to produce greater lengthening of bones.
- After puberty, epiphyseal plates close (ossify); GH excess then causes appositional (thickening) growth of bone and soft-tissue enlargement (acromegaly).
- GH deficiency in childhood leads to short stature (pituitary dwarfism).
- Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism unrelated to GH.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Determine timing: the question specifies “before puberty,” so growth plates are still open.
- Determine effect of excess GH at that time: with open plates, increased GH/IGF-1 stimulates rapid and excessive longitudinal bone growth.
- Match this effect to the named conditions:
  - Gigantism = excessive linear growth in childhood/adolescence due to GH excess.
  - Acromegaly = GH excess after plate closure (adult onset) producing thickened bones and soft tissues.
  - Pituitary dwarfism = GH deficiency, causing short stature, the opposite of excess.
  - Graves’ disease = thyroid autoimmune disease, different mechanism and symptoms.

3. Intermediate steps / supporting facts
- Typical cause: GH-secreting pituitary adenoma.
- Clinical signs of gigantism: very tall stature, proportional enlargement of body.
- In contrast, acromegaly presents with enlarged jaw, hands, and feet, not extreme height.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Because excess GH before puberty acts on open epiphyseal plates to increase longitudinal bone growth, producing abnormally increased height—by definition, gigantism.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- Graves’ disease: hyperthyroidism due to autoantibodies; symptoms include heat intolerance, weight loss, exophthalmos—not GH-mediated growth.
- Acromegaly: results from GH excess after growth plate closure, producing thickening rather than increased height.
- Pituitary dwarfism: results from GH deficiency, causing reduced stature (opposite effect).

6. Conclusion
Therefore, the correct diagnosis for excess GH before puberty is gigantism. This matches the provided answer: gigantism.

Question at position 8 An excess of growth hormone (GH) before puberty can result in the development ofgigantism.Graves' disease.acromegaly.pituitary dwarfism.Clear my selection单项选择题

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