Of the following psychologists, who is most likely to agree with the Gene -- Environment theory?

Question

Of the following psychologists, who is most likely to agree with the Gene --> Environment theory?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Francis Galton championed heredity as the principal determinant of human traits, so he best aligns with a Gene → Environment perspective emphasizing genetic influence.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Nature vs. nurture: theories range from genetic determinism (nature) to environmental/social determinism (nurture).
- Gene → Environment (gene-environment correlation) idea: genes shape predispositions that influence the environments individuals encounter and how they respond.
- Historical positions: Francis Galton promoted hereditary explanations for intelligence and behavior; Lev Vygotsky emphasized social/cultural context; Jean Piaget focused on stages of cognitive development with active construction; Peter Jusczyk researched infant language perception and learning mechanisms.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Step 1: Identify which psychologist emphasizes heredity. Galton explicitly argued that many abilities (e.g., intelligence) are inherited and proposed measuring and breeding for traits.
- Step 2: Map that emphasis to the Gene → Environment idea: If genes are primary, they direct development and often determine the environments individuals produce or select (consistent with gene→environment thinking).
- Step 3: Evaluate alternatives: Vygotsky centers on social interaction and cultural tools; Piaget stresses maturation and cognitive processes shaped by interaction but not genetic determinism; Jusczyk studies perceptual learning in infants (empirical, not promoting heredity as overarching theory).
- Step 4: Conclude the best match is Galton, who historically argued for hereditary causation.

3. Intermediate “calculations” or logical linking (conceptual)
- Galton’s principle: heredity → traits → differential environments/selection = gene-driven developmental outcomes.
- Vygotsky: social context → development (opposite direction).
- Piaget: cognitive structures develop through interaction; not primarily gene-driven.
- Jusczyk: empirical work on perception, not advocacy for genetic determinism.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Galton’s published arguments and research program explicitly prioritized genetic explanations for human capacities; that aligns directly with a Gene → Environment theoretical stance.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- Lev Vygotsky: socio-cultural theory emphasizing environment and social interaction.
- Jean Piaget: stage theory of cognitive development emphasizing active construction and maturation rather than genetic determinism.
- Peter Jusczyk: modern experimentalist in infant language perception, not an advocate of gene-centric developmental theory.

6. Conclusion
Therefore, the psychologist most likely to agree with the Gene → Environment theory is Fancis Galton, matching the provided correct answer.

Of the following psychologists, who is most likely to agree with the Gene --> Environment theory?单项选择题

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