What is a haustorium?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let’s evaluate what a haustorium is and what each option suggests about its function.
Option 1 claims: 'A specialised structure in fungi that allows them to identify the host plant.' This is inaccurate because a haustorium is not primarily a sensory or recognition organ; its main role is nutrient uptake, not host identification.
Option 2 states: 'A specialised structure in fungi that produces a penetration peg to directly pierce the cuticle.' While some fungal penetration tools exist, a haustorium is not the initial piercing structure; it forms after establishment of the biotrophic interface and functions in nutrient absorption rather than piercing through the plant cuticle directly.
Option 3 describes: 'A specialised structure in fungi that absorbs nutrients from the plant in a necrotrophic relationship.' This mislabels the relationship type; necrotrophy involves killing host tissue and feeding on the dead matter, whereas haustoria are characteristic of biotrophic associations where the fungus feeds on living host tissue without immediate death.
Option 4 presents: 'A specialised structure in fungi that absorbs nutrients from the plant in a biotrophic relationship.' This matches the canonical description of a haustorium: a specialized feeding organ formed by certain parasitic fungi or mycorrhizal-like interactions that extracts nutrients from living plant cells while maintaining host viability, facilitating a biotrophic relationship.
Option 5 says: 'A specialised structure in fungi that allows them to adhere to the cuticle.' Adhesion can be important in fungal interactions, but it is not the defining feature of a haustorium, which is about nutrient uptake, not merely adhesion.
Considering the function and context, the statement most accurately describing a haustorium is the one that specifies nutrient absorption from a living (biotrophic) host. The other options either describe incorrect roles (host identification, initial penetration, or necrotrophy) or describe a related but different feature (adhesion) that does not define haustoria.

What is a haustorium?单项选择题

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