Question at position 16 What was the central issue that sparked the Tinker v. Des Moines case (1969)?Students were suspended for bringing weapons to schoolStudents were protesting the Vietnam War by wearing black armbandsA school newspaper was censored by the principal for being controversialStudents were leading a school-wide prayer over the PA system

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Students protesting the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands sparked Tinker v. Des Moines.

Relevant knowledge points: First Amendment free speech protections extend to public-school students, but are balanced against the school's interest in maintaining order. Tinker established the “substantial disruption” test: student expression is protected unless it would materially and substantially interfere with school operations or the rights of others. The case is a landmark on symbolic speech in schools and is distinct from later school-publication and school-prayer cases.

Step-by-step reasoning and factual sequence:
1. In December 1965, students Mary Beth Tinker, John Tinker, and Christopher Eckhardt decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War and to support a truce for Christmas.
2. The Des Moines school district adopted a policy banning armbands after learning of the planned protest and warned students they would be suspended if they refused to remove them.
3. The students wore armbands and were suspended. Their parents filed suit alleging the policy violated the students’ First Amendment rights.
4. Lower courts ruled against the students, but the case reached the U.S. Supreme Court.
5. In 1969 the Court, in a 7–2 decision written by Justice Abe Fortas, reversed. The Court famously wrote that students do not “shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate” and protected the students’ symbolic speech because it did not cause substantial disruption.

Why the correct answer is correct: The core dispute was the armband anti-war protest and whether the school could prohibit that symbolic expression. The Supreme Court held it could not, absent evidence of substantial disruption.

Why other options are incorrect:
- Students bringing weapons would implicate safety rules, not this case.
- A censored school newspaper is the issue in Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988), not Tinker.
- School-wide prayer over PA concerns government-established prayer cases (e.g., Engel v. Vitale), not Tinker.

Conclusion: The correct choice—Students were protesting the Vietnam War by wearing black armbands—matches the provided answer.

类似问题

The implementation and loading phase of the Database Life Cycle (DBLC) involves _____.

Which of the following parameters is used to determine the concentration of protein in a spectrophotometer?

What are the units of absorbance?

What is the concentration of protein in the stock solution of BSA used for the standard curve?

When dissolved in water, hydrogen bromide (HBr) forms hydrobromic acid. Determine the hydroxide ion concentration in a 4,500 mL solution containing 3.78 g hydrogen bromide; K = 1.00 x 10¯14.

UVA radiation has a wavelength of approximately 390. nm. What is the energy of a photon of this light? (Planck's constant is 6.626 x 10 − 34 J s)

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单