I would like to sign a transactions Tx with public key cryptography. Which one of the following is the correct way to sign Tx?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Here's how the signing process is understood in public key cryptography when signing a transaction (Tx).
Option 1: Perform proof of work on Tx. This is unrelated to digital signatures; PoW is a consensus mechanism, not a signing operation, so it does not produce a verifiable signature.
Option 2: Hash Tx. Hashing the transaction is a preparatory step, but on its own it does not provide authentication or non-repudiation—there is no way to prove authorship without using a private key to sign the hash.
Option 3: Encrypt Tx with a public key. Encrypting with a public key would hide the contents from others, but it is not a signature method and cannot be reliably verified to prove who created the Tx.
Option 4: Hash Tx and encrypt the hash with a private key. This combines the idea of hashing (creating a fixed, representative digest) with signing (encrypting the digest with the signer’s private key). This is exactly how a digital signature is produced: the signature is a private-key operation on the hash of the message, allowing others with the public key to verify.
Option 5: Hash Tx and encrypt the hash with a public key. Encrypting with a public key would not allow others to verify the signer’s identity; since the public key is public, anyone could perform that operation, defeating the purpose of authentication. In standard practice, encryption for confidentiality uses the recipient’s public key, not the signer’s public key, and signing uses the signer’s private key.
In summary, the only choice that aligns with the canonical signing workflow in public-key cryptography—hashing the content and then signing (encrypting) the hash with the private key—is Option 4.

I would like to sign a transactions Tx with public key cryptography. Which one of the following is the correct way to sign Tx?单项选择题

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