Which supplement might be recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Because aging reduces gastric acid and intrinsic factor production, older adults commonly lose the ability to free and absorb food-bound vitamin B-12; the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) therefore recommends that people aged 50 and older obtain B-12 from fortified foods or supplements. Key knowledge points: the FNB issues Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs); vitamin B-12 requires gastric acid and intrinsic factor to be released from protein and absorbed; atrophic gastritis and reduced acid secretion are common in older adults, increasing risk of deficiency and pernicious anemia.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Identify FNB guidance: the FNB/Institute of Medicine notes adults ≥50 should obtain vitamin B-12 from fortified foods or supplements because natural food B-12 may not be well absorbed.
2. Explain mechanism: decreased gastric acid/intrinsic factor with age → reduced cleavage of B-12 from dietary proteins → impaired absorption of food-bound B-12. Crystalline B-12 in supplements/fortified foods bypasses this requirement, ensuring adequate intake (RDA 2.4 µg/day for most adults).
3. Apply to answer choices: "vitamin B-12 for older adults" matches the FNB recommendation directly.

Why the other choices are incorrect:
- Zinc for anyone capable of becoming pregnant: FNB/CDC recommend folic acid and appropriate iron status before pregnancy; zinc is not universally recommended for all people capable of pregnancy and excess zinc can cause adverse effects.
- Protein for highly active individuals: while protein needs may be higher for athletes, the FNB sets protein DRIs and typically advises meeting needs with food rather than routine supplementation for most active people; it is not an across-the-board supplement recommendation from the FNB.
- Vitamin A for smokers: high-dose vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements have been associated with increased lung cancer risk in smokers; the FNB does not recommend vitamin A supplements for smokers.

Therefore, the correct choice is vitamin B-12 for older adults, which matches the provided answer.

Which supplement might be recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board?单项选择题

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