Democratic consolidation occurs when:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating what constitutes democratic consolidation, we should consider how scholars describe the lastingness and legitimacy of a democracy over time.
Option A: 'Citizens have equal political rights.' While equal political rights are necessary for a functioning democracy, this condition describes a feature of democratic inclusion rather than the deeper, self-sustaining acceptance that consolidation requires. It does not by itself capture the long-term legitimacy or resilience of democratic rules.
Option B: 'Electoral institutions are supported by constraints on the executive.' This emphasizes institutional design and checks and balances, which are important components of a liberal democracy. However, institutional design alone does not guarantee that all actors accept democracy as the legitimate regime; it focuses more on how power is constrained rather than on broad normative legitimacy across actors.
Option C: 'All actors view democracy as the only legitimate system.' This statement targets the core idea of consolidation: widespread normative commitment to democracy as the legitimate rule of the game, often summarized as the notion that democracy becomes the 'only game in town.' When actors perceive no viable alternative to democratic rules, the regime is more resilient to breakdowns and anti-democratic challenges.
Option D: 'Intrinsic support exceeds instrumental support.' This distinction between intrinsic (normative, value-based) vs instrumental (pragmatic, outcome-based) support is a useful analytical lens, but declaring that intrinsic support must exceed instrumental support is more a description of legitimacy dynamics than a universally accepted criterion of consolidation itself. It highlights a dimension of legitimacy but does not by itself define consolidation across all actors and institutions.
In summary, A focuses on a basic democratic right, B on institutional design, D on the quality of legitimacy, and C directly captures the widely cited condition for consolidation: broad, all-encompassing belief that democracy is the legitimate regime for society.

Democratic consolidation occurs when:单项选择题

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