Which of the following are examples of consistency checks in data validation?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Consistency checks validate that related pieces of data agree with each other or follow a consistent convention across records or tables (referential integrity, format consistency, and logical agreement), rather than simply testing existence, range, or uniqueness.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Consistency checks: confirm that data values are coherent across fields, rows, or tables (e.g., IDs match between tables, formats are uniform, related date fields follow the same conventions).  
- Other validation types: completeness (missing values), uniqueness (primary key constraints), and validity/range checks (values fall within allowed ranges, e.g., price >= 0).

2) Step‑by‑step reasoning for each option
a. Cross‑referencing customer IDs in different tables — This tests referential integrity: customer IDs in one table should match IDs in another table. That is a canonical consistency check because it verifies agreement across datasets. => Consistency.  
b. Ensuring date formats are uniform — Checking that all date fields follow the same format (e.g., YYYY-MM-DD) ensures consistent representation and prevents mismatched parsing or comparisons. => Consistency.  
c. Ensuring all prices are positive numbers — This is a range/validity check (values must satisfy a business rule: price > 0), not a cross‑field or cross‑table consistency check. => Not consistency.  
d. Verifying that all records have a unique identifier — This is a uniqueness/integrity constraint (primary key), ensuring no duplicate records; it’s not a consistency check between related values. => Not consistency.  
e. Checking for missing values — This is a completeness check (null/absent data), not a consistency check per se. => Not consistency.

3) Intermediate classification summary
- Consistency: a, b  
- Non‑consistency (other validation types): c (validity/range), d (uniqueness), e (completeness)

4) Why the correct answers are correct
- Cross‑referencing IDs enforces that related records actually match across tables (referential consistency).  
- Uniform date formats enforce consistent representation, enabling reliable comparisons, joins, and time‑based logic.

5) Why other options are incorrect (brief)
- c checks numeric validity/range. d enforces uniqueness/primary key. e checks completeness/missingness.

6) Conclusion
Options a and b are consistency checks, matching the provided correct answer: "a. Cross-referencing customer IDs in different tables" and "b. Ensuring date formats are uniform."

Which of the following are examples of consistency checks in data validation?多项选择题

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