Question at position 19 How do cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis?By binding to helper T cellsBy releasing perforins and granzymesBy undergoing negative selectionBy secreting cytokinesThrough costimulation

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating how cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis, we consider the well-established cytotoxic pathway they use to destroy targets.
Option 1: 'By binding to helper T cells' is not correct because cytotoxic T cells target infected or abnormal cells, not helper T cells, and binding to helper T cells is not the mechanism for inducing apoptosis in the target.
Option 2: 'By releasing perforins and granzymes' is the accurate mechanism. Cytotoxic T cells release perforin, which forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing granzymes to enter the cytoplasm and activate caspases that drive apoptosis.
Option 3: 'By undergoing negative selection' describes a process in thymic education to eliminate self-reactive T cells, not a cytotoxic killing mechanism, so it does not explain how cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis in targets.
Option 4: 'By secreting cytokines' can modulate immune responses and have various effects, but the direct induction of target cell apoptosis by cytotoxic T cells is primarily through perforin/granzyme delivery rather than cytokine secretion alone.
Option 5: 'Through costimulation' refers to a requirement for full T cell activation and signaling to respond, not to the direct execution of apoptosis in a target cell, so it does not describe the lethal mechanism used by cytotoxic T cells.
In summary, among the listed choices, the direct and specific method by which cytotoxic T cells trigger programmed cell death in target cells is through the secretion of perforins and granzymes, which initiate apoptotic cascades inside the target.

Question at position 19 How do cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis?By binding to helper T cellsBy releasing perforins and granzymesBy undergoing negative selectionBy secreting cytokinesThrough costimulation单项选择题

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