Lily and Lamar are both upset about getting a bad grade on an exam and both fear that they may fail the course. Lamar deals with the stress of the situation by venting to his friend, demonstrating ____, while Lily goes to the professor to ask if she can do some extra credit work, demonstrating ____.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

In this question, we’re comparing two coping strategies in response to academic stress: Lily seeks help from the professor for extra credit, while Lamar vents to a friend. 
Option 1: 'perceived control; predictability' — This pairing doesn’t map cleanly onto the described behaviors. Perceived control relates to the extent to which a person believes they can influence outcomes, and predictability concerns how predictable or foreseeing events are. Venting and seeking extra credit aren’t best characterized primarily in terms of these constructs. 
Option 2: 'catharsis; self-indulgence' — Catharsis would imply venting as a purge of emotions to relieve stress, which is a debated concept but typically not described as a sole adaptive coping mechanism in research, and labeling seeking extra credit as self-indulgence mischaracterizes the proactive help-seeking behavior. 
Option 3: 'internal locus of control; external locus of control' — Locus of control describes belief about control over outcomes, not the type of coping strategy. Venting to a friend reflects affect regulation, while asking the professor for extra credit reflects a strategy to directly affect academic outcomes, not a simple internal vs external control attribution. 
Option 4: 'emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping' — This pairing aligns with well-established coping frameworks. Venting to a friend is aimed at managing emotional distress and shares emotional expression, consistent with emotion-focused coping. Asking the professor for extra credit is an attempt to alter the situation and improve the outcome through a concrete action, consistent with problem-focused coping. 
Thus, the given pairing captures the two distinct coping styles demonstrated by Lily and Lamar. The other options either mismap the constructs to the described behaviors or rely on less consistent interpretations of coping theory, making them less accurate descriptors of the scenario.

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