For acceptance to be valid, it must

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The mirror-image rule requires acceptance to be final and unqualified: acceptance must exactly match the terms of the offer and show a clear intention to create a contract.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Offer and acceptance: a valid contract requires a clear offer and an unequivocal acceptance that corresponds to that offer (the “mirror‑image” principle).  
- Counter‑offers: any variation in terms is a counter‑offer, which destroys the original offer (Hyde v Wrench).  
- Timing and communication: acceptance must occur before any valid revocation and, unless a special rule (e.g., the postal rule) applies, must be communicated to the offeror.  
- Conditional acceptances (“subject to contract”) do not create a binding contract until conditions are satisfied.

2. Step‑by‑step reasoning
- Determine whether the response to an offer changes or adds terms. If it does, it is not an acceptance but a counter‑offer.  
- If the response exactly matches the offer, that shows final and unqualified assent, producing acceptance.  
- Check timing: acceptance must come before any effective revocation and (unless the postal rule applies) must be communicated.

3. Intermediate logical steps
- Option b states acceptance must be “final and unqualified” — this aligns with the mirror‑image rule.  
- Option a (“communicated after the due date”) implies late communication and therefore no timely acceptance.  
- Option c (“communicated after revocation”) is ineffective because an offer revoked before acceptance cannot be accepted later.  
- Option d (“accepted subject to contract”) is conditional and therefore not an unequivocal acceptance.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
Because only an acceptance that is final and unqualified creates immediate mutual assent and binds the parties; any qualification converts the reply into a counter‑offer or conditional acceptance and no contract results until terms are finalized.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- a: Late communication is ineffective unless offeror waives the time limit.  
- c: Acceptance after revocation is void.  
- d: “Subject to contract” indicates no final acceptance; it’s conditional.

6. Conclusion
Therefore the correct choice is b. This confirms the provided answer: b. Be final and unqualified.

For acceptance to be valid, it must单项选择题

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