Consider the following sentence: What constituent test have been applied to generate the following strings? Also, if the test passes, what constituent has it identified? (1) What colorless green ideas do is sleep furiously.       Test:              [ Select ] Pro-NP substitution Pro-VP substitution Reduction Pseudocleft One-substitution Omission        Constituent: [ Select ] colorless green ideas colorless [test did not pass] ideas green green ideas ideas sleep sleep furiously sleep (2) They sleep furiously      Test:              [ Select ] Pseudocleft Pro-VP substitution Omission One-substitution Reduction Pro-NP substitution        Constituent: [ Select ] ideas sleep green sleep furiously green ideas ideas colorless green ideas sleep colorless [test did not pass] (3) Colorless green ideas do so furiously       Test:              [ Select ] Omission Reduction Pro-VP substitution Pseudocleft Pro-NP substitution One-substitution         Constituent: [ Select ] green ideas sleep furiously ideas ideas sleep green colorless green ideas sleep [test did not pass] colorless (4) Colorless ideas sleep furiously       Test:              [ Select ] Pro-NP substitution Pro-NP substitution Pseudocleft Reduction Omission One-substitution         Constituent: [ Select ] ideas sleep sleep furiously sleep colorless colorless green ideas green ideas ideas [test did not pass] green (5) Colorless green ones sleep furiously       Test:              [ Select ] One-substitution Pro-VP substitution Pseudocleft Omission Pro-NP substitution Reduction         Constituent: [ Select ] green green ideas colorless ideas colorless green ideas sleep furiously ideas sleep [test did not pass] sleep多重下拉选择题

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Consider the following sentence: For each example below, say which constituent test has been applied and to which potential constituent. 1. That one did so.      Test:              [ Select ] Segment fragment [None of these] Omission Substitution Movement Reduction          Constituent: [ Select ] the one ran ran with its pack quickly ran with its pack quickly across the field ran quickly one [None of these] pack quickly that one 2. That one ran with its pack quickly across the field.      Test:              [ Select ] Omission Reduction Substitution [None of these] Segment fragment Movement          Constituent: [ Select ] one ran with its pack quickly across the field [None of these] that one ran pack quickly ran with its pack quickly ran quickly that one   3. Q: Who ran with its pack quickly across the field? A: That one.      Test:              [ Select ] Omission Reduction Substitution Movement Segment fragment [None of these]          Constituent: [ Select ] ran quickly [None of these] ran with its pack quickly across the field that one that one ran rank with its pack quickly one pack quickly 4. *It was pack quickly that that one with its across the field.      Test:              [ Select ] [None of these] Reduction Omission Segment fragment Substitution Movement          Constituent: [ Select ] [None of these] the dog ran ran with its pack quickly across the field ran quickly dog pack quickly ran with its pack quickly the dog

Consider the the target string highly carbonated in (2). A test has been applied in (3) to determine if this target string forms a constituent in (2). (2) He drank his delicious highly carbonated American beer with great gusto. (3) He drank his delicious American beer with great gusto. What test has been applied? 

Which of the following trees corresponds to a potential parse of the ambiguous sentence below, with correct syntactic categories? Some diagnostics are provided.

Which of the following sentences contain two non-finite verbs? Select all that apply.

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