An interviewer reviews a résumé, decides the candidate is probably weak in leadership, and then pays disproportionate attention to answers that align with this belief. Which bias is this?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Confirmation bias: selectively attending to or remembering evidence that supports an initial belief while discounting disconfirming evidence.
- Affinity bias: favoring people who are similar to oneself.
- Contrast effect: evaluating someone relative to others recently seen, altering judgments by comparison.
- Central tendency bias: rating most people near the middle of a scale to avoid extremes.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Step 1: The interviewer reviews the résumé and forms an initial belief: “this candidate is probably weak in leadership.”
- Step 2: During the interview, the interviewer pays disproportionate attention to answers that align with that belief.
- Step 3: The interviewer gives those confirming answers greater weight and likely disregards or downplays evidence that would contradict the belief.
- Step 4: This selective attention and interpretation reinforces the initial conclusion regardless of the full evidence set.

3. Calculations
- No numerical calculations are required for this conceptual identification.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
The behavior described—forming a hypothesis from preliminary information and then focusing on interview responses that confirm that hypothesis—is the textbook pattern of confirmation bias. The key elements are the preconception (weak leadership) and the biased weighting of confirming evidence.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- Affinity bias (b): would involve favoring the candidate because they are similar to the interviewer, not disfavoring based on a preconceived weakness.
- Contrast effect (c): would occur if the candidate’s evaluation shifted because of comparison with preceding candidates, not because of a résumé-driven preconception.
- Central tendency bias (d): refers to giving average ratings to avoid extremes, which doesn’t describe selectively seeking confirmatory evidence.

6. Conclusion
This scenario exemplifies confirmation bias. The correct answer is a. Confirmation bias.

An interviewer reviews a résumé, decides the candidate is probably weak in leadership, and then pays disproportionate attention to answers that align with this belief. Which bias is this?单项选择题

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