In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans moved steadily into the middle class. Sharon Collins notes that between 1960 & 1980, Blacks entered white-collar jobs at a rate much faster than whites. The proportion of Blacks in white-collar jobs increased ______ between 1960 & 1970; and _____ more between 1970 and 1979.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Sharon Collins reports an 80% relative increase from 1960 to 1970 and a further 44% relative increase from 1970 to 1979.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Percent change: a percent increase is relative to the starting value (new = original × (1 + percent)).
- Distinguish percent change from percentage-point change (e.g., 10% → 18% is an 80% increase, not an 8 percentage-point increase).
- Time intervals are sequential and multiplicative if you want cumulative change across intervals.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
Collins’ statement gives two relative increases for two separate intervals. Interpreting “increased 80% between 1960 & 1970; and 44% more between 1970 and 1979” means:
- From 1960 to 1970: proportion in white-collar jobs grew by 80% relative to its 1960 level.
- From 1970 to 1979: that 1970 level then grew an additional 44% relative to the 1970 level.

3) Calculations with intermediate steps (illustrative numeric example)
Let the proportion in 1960 be P1960 = 10% (example to show arithmetic).
- 1960 → 1970: P1970 = P1960 × (1 + 0.80) = 10% × 1.80 = 18%.
- 1970 → 1979: P1979 = P1970 × (1 + 0.44) = 18% × 1.44 = 25.92%.
These steps show how 80% and then 44% operate multiplicatively; absolute values depend on the initial level.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
The phrasing in the source is explicitly relative increases for two sequential periods. The only interpretation matching Collins’ wording and conventional percent-change language is “80% and 44%,” i.e., an 80% jump in the 1960s and a further 44% in the 1970s.

5) Why other interpretations are incorrect
- Interpreting these as percentage-point changes (e.g., “80 percentage points”) would be unrealistically large and inconsistent with typical labor-force shifts.
- Reading the 80% as 8% or swapping the two numbers would contradict the specific rates Collins reports and produce different numeric outcomes. The accepted reading is relative percent increases of 80% and 44%.

6) Conclusion
Thus, the correct completion is “80% and 44%,” which matches the provided answer.

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