Safety In this experiment, there are three chemicals that are flammable and one that is highly corrosive. Name them. Blank 1 Question 3[select: , hexane, ethanol and pinacolone, hexane, ethanol and pinacol, hexane, pinacol and pinacolone] are flammable whilst Blank 2 Question 3[select: , concentrated sulfuric acid, 2M sulfuric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid, 2M phosphoric acid] is highly corrosive.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Hexane, ethanol and pinacolone are flammable while concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Flammability: small, volatile organic molecules with low flash points (e.g., hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones) are classed as flammable.
- Corrosivity: concentrated strong mineral acids (especially concentrated H2SO4) are highly corrosive because of their strong acidity, oxidising and dehydrating properties and ability to cause severe chemical burns.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- From the candidate chemicals, hexane and ethanol are unambiguously flammable: hexane is a volatile hydrocarbon solvent and ethanol is a low-boiling alcohol; both have low flash points and readily ignite in air.
- Pinacolone is a ketone (a tertiary ketone derived from pinacol rearrangement). Ketones are typically volatile organic solvents with low enough flash points to be classified as flammable. Therefore the trio “hexane, ethanol and pinacolone” are all flammable.
- Pinacol (a diol) is a relatively high-boiling, less volatile alcohol (a vicinal diol). Its higher boiling point and lower vapor pressure make it far less prone to ignition than the other three, so the option including pinacol is not the best choice for listing flammable reagents in this experiment.
- For the corrosive reagent: concentrated sulfuric acid is well known to be highly corrosive (causes severe burns, dehydrating and oxidising effects). Dilute (2 M) sulfuric acid is less hazardous; concentrated phosphoric acid is also corrosive but significantly less so than concentrated sulfuric acid. Thus “concentrated sulfuric acid” is the correct identification of the highly corrosive chemical.

3) Intermediate logical steps (summary)
- Identify volatile organics among options → hexane + ethanol + pinacolone = flammable.
- Compare acid options → concentrated H2SO4 is the most corrosive choice.

4) Why the correct answer is correct
- Each of the three named organic reagents is a volatile solvent or ketone with properties that meet the flammability classification. Concentrated sulfuric acid has the chemical properties (strong acidity, dehydration, oxidising ability) that make it “highly corrosive.”

5) Why other options are incorrect
- “Hexane, ethanol and pinacol”: pinacol is a less volatile diol and not classed with the other highly flammable solvents.
- “Hexane, pinacol and pinacolone”: omits ethanol, which is clearly used and flammable.
- Any dilute acid options (2 M H2SO4 or 2 M H3PO4) are not “highly corrosive” in the same sense as concentrated sulfuric acid; concentrated phosphoric acid is also less aggressive than concentrated sulfuric acid.

Conclusion: The appropriate selections are “hexane, ethanol and pinacolone” (flammable) and “concentrated sulfuric acid” (highly corrosive), matching the provided answer.

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