What are common barriers that might prevent bystanders from intervening? (Select TWO answers.)

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility are the two psychological barriers that best match the correct answers.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Pluralistic ignorance: when people in a group look to others for cues and, seeing no one reacting, conclude the situation is not serious. This leads to uncertainty about whether intervention is necessary.
- Diffusion of responsibility: when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels their individual responsibility to act is reduced because they assume someone else will intervene.

2) Step-by-step reasoning
- Compare each answer option to known bystander-effect concepts.
  - "Not being sure whether the situation is really a problem or serious enough." This describes pluralistic ignorance: uncertainty caused by interpreting others’ inaction as evidence the situation isn’t an emergency.
  - "Assuming someone else nearby will intervene, so you do not need to." This is a textbook description of diffusion of responsibility.
  - "There are no real barriers preventing people from intervening." This contradicts well-established social-psychology research showing multiple barriers exist, so it cannot be correct.
  - "Taking action will always make things worse." While fear of making things worse can be a factor, the absolute word "always" makes this option incorrect—barriers are not universally true in every case.

3) Intermediate logical steps (no calculations)
- Map each option to a named concept or assess its truth-value.
- Select options that correspond exactly to named, documented barriers (pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility).

4) Why the correct answers are correct
- Both chosen options directly name core bystander-effect mechanisms supported by decades of psychological research and real-world observations. They correctly explain why people hesitate to intervene.

5) Why other options are incorrect
- "There are no real barriers..." is false because many documented barriers exist. "Taking action will always make things worse." is an overgeneralization and not a standard, universal barrier.

Conclusion: The correct answers are "Not being sure whether the situation is really a problem or serious enough." and "Assuming someone else nearby will intervene, so you do not need to." This matches the provided answer.

What are common barriers that might prevent bystanders from intervening? (Select TWO answers.)多项选择题

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