Beatriz fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario describes Beatriz lying on a busy sidewalk while hundreds of pedestrians fail to recognize she needs medical assistance. This situation is best analyzed through the lens of diffusion of responsibility, which is a core component of the bystander effect. 
Option a: the mere exposure effect. This effect refers to increased liking or positive feelings toward a stimulus due to repeated exposure. It does not explain why people would fail to recognize a medical need in an emergency.
Option b: the reciprocity norm. This norm involves feeling obligated to help others who have helped you. It predicts reciprocal helping, not a general failure to assist in a crowd, so it does not account for the lack of action here.
Option c: the bystander effect. This phenomenon occurs when individuals are less likely to help a needed situation when others are present, due to diffusion of responsibility and social influence. It directly explains why many pedestrians did not recognize or act on the medical need.
Option d: the self-fulfilling prophecy. This occurs when a belief or expectation leads to its own confirmation through behavior, such as expecting failure causing one to perform poorly. It does not specifically describe the observed inaction of bystanders in an emergency.

Beatriz fell on a busy city sidewalk and broke her leg. Although hundreds of pedestrians saw her lying on the ground, most failed to recognize that she was in need of medical assistance. Their oversight best illustrates one of the dynamics involved in单项选择题

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