In Reifman’s study of the Howard Dean scream speech, participants who were in the audience attending his speech were more likely to make a _______ whereas people who watched it on TV were a more likely to make a ____________.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Because television viewers lacked contextual cues and saw an edited, close-up version of Dean’s scream, they tended to make an internal (dispositional) attribution, while audience members who experienced the event with its context attributed the behavior to external (situational) causes.

Relevant knowledge points: attribution theory distinguishes internal (dispositional) attributions—blaming a person’s character or emotions—from external (situational) attributions—blaming circumstances, stimuli, or context. The fundamental attribution error describes observers’ tendency to overemphasize dispositional causes when situational information is limited. Perceptual framing (camera angle, editing, audio mixing) changes available situational cues and thus influences attribution.

Step-by-step reasoning:
1. Audience members were physically present, heard heckling, crowd dynamics, and the sequence leading to the outburst. Those situational cues make a situational (external) explanation—“he was provoked, tired, or reacting to the crowd”—more plausible.
2. TV viewers generally saw a shortened, close-up clip focusing on Dean’s face and the scream, with less context about provocation. Lacking situational data, viewers relied on dispositional inference—“he’s unfit, emotional, or temperamentally unstable.”
3. Therefore, presence versus mediated viewing changed attribution patterns: in-person → external attribution; TV → internal attribution.

Why the correct answer fits and others don’t:
- “External attribution; Internal attribution” matches the described pattern.  
- “Internal; External” is the reverse of observed effects.  
- Options invoking “self-serving” or “defensive” attributions describe motivational biases (protecting self or victims) that don’t capture the situational vs. dispositional contrast in this study.

Conclusion: The correct choice is External attribution; Internal attribution, which matches the provided answer.

In Reifman’s study of the Howard Dean scream speech, participants who were in the audience attending his speech were more likely to make a _ whereas people who watched it on TV were a more likely to make a ______.单项选择题

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In Reifman’s study of the Howard Dean scream speech, participants who were in the audience attending his speech were more likely to make a _______ whereas people who watched it on TV were a more likely to make a ____________.单项选择题

类似问题

Attributions are __________________.

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Which of the following is the best example of a correspondent inference?

Which of the following is the best example of a correspondent inference?

A manager is assessing an employee's excellent customer service feedback. Which of the following would cause the manager to make an internal attribution about this behavior?

A barista at a coffee shop notices that Alex frequently complains about his drink being made incorrectly. Even when different employees make his order, Alex always finds something wrong. However, other customers rarely complain about their drinks. What type of attribution is most likely?

According to the correspondent inference model, what three factors influence the types of attributions that people should make to explain other individuals’ social behavior?

更多留学生实用工具

希望你的学习变得更简单

In Reifman’s study of the Howard Dean scream speech, participants who were in the audience attending his speech were more likely to make a _ whereas people who watched it on TV were a more likely to make a ______.单项选择题