Which of the following is NOT considered an animal model-based test?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Animal model–based tests are in vivo assays that use living animals to evaluate behavioral or physiological responses to interventions, whereas post-mortem biochemical measurements are ex vivo analyses performed on tissues after the animal has been euthanized.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- "Animal model-based test" typically refers to experiments conducted in live animals to assess behavior, physiology, pharmacology, or disease phenotypes (e.g., pain assays, cardiovascular measurements, learning/memory tasks).
- Post-mortem protein expression assays (western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry on fixed tissue) analyze molecular changes in tissue samples after sacrifice and are considered biochemical or histological analyses, not behavioral/physiological animal model tests.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Examine each option and ask: does it require a living animal and measure whole-animal behavior or physiology?
  a. Hotplate test: animal is alive and placed on a heated surface; latency to paw withdrawal is a behavioral/physiological pain readout → in vivo animal test.
  b. Measuring heart beats per minute in live mice: direct in vivo physiological measurement of cardiovascular function → animal model-based.
  c. Maze test for learning and memory: behavioral assay conducted with live animals to assess cognition → animal model-based.
  d. Measuring post-mortem protein expression after pharmacological treatments: measurement occurs after euthanasia on removed tissue; it is an ex vivo molecular assay, not a live-animal behavioral/physiological test.

3. Calculations
- No numerical calculations are required for this conceptual question.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Option d describes an analysis performed on tissues after the animal has been euthanized; although animals were used, the test itself is a biochemical post-mortem assay, not an animal model–based behavioral or physiological test.

5. Why the other options are incorrect
- a, b, and c all involve live animals and measure behavioral or physiological responses in vivo, so they are classic examples of animal model–based tests.

6. Conclusion
- Therefore, the correct answer is d. Measuring post-mortem protein expression after pharmacological treatments is not considered an animal model–based test (matches the provided answer: d).

Which of the following is NOT considered an animal model-based test?单项选择题

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Question textFill in the gap with ONE word from the text. Research can help to reduce the amount of Answer 1 Question 6[input] between fauna and humans.

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