Duncan (1976) conducted a study in which participants witnessed an ambiguous shove between two confederates varying in race (Caucasian vs. African American). He found that:

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Question restatement: Duncan (1976) studied how participants perceived an ambiguous shove between two confederates differing in race (Caucasian vs. African American) and asked what he found.

Option A: 'Stereotypes do not influence perceptions of behaviour.' This is contradicted by the study’s design and findings, which specifically examine how racial stereotypes bias interpretation of ambiguous actions. Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option B: 'Stereotypes influence the interpretation of ambiguous behaviour.' This aligns with the classic result: participants tend to interpret ambiguous social cues in line with racial stereotypes, affecting how they judge the shove. This is consistent with social psychology findings on bias in perception, so this option is correct.

Option C: 'Prejudice is related to socio-economic status.' While prejudice can be studied across many dimensions, this statement is not a direct claim of Duncan’s study and is not a general takeaway from this experiment. It introduces an unrelated or unsupported causal link (prejudice and SES) for the context of interpreting ambiguous behavior, making it an inaccurate characterization of the study’s findings.

Option D: 'Both B and C are correct.' Since Option C is not an accurate summary of Duncan’s results, this combined statement is also incorrect. It would incorrectly assert a link that the study did not establish and that C does not credibly claim.

In summary, the study’s core conclusion is that stereotypes shape how people interpret ambiguous social actions, which makes Option B the accurate choice and the others inconsistent with the findings or misaligned with the study’s scope.

Duncan (1976) conducted a study in which participants witnessed an ambiguous shove between two confederates varying in race (Caucasian vs. African American). He found that:Single choice

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