The following is/are TRUE regarding Trypanosomiasis: i.Variable Surface Glycoprotein protects Trypanosoma sp from the host’s immune response ii.Epimastigotes multiply in the salivary gland of Tsetse fly iii.Trypomastigotes invade the circulatory & lymphatic system iv.Altered sleeping pattern is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When evaluating the statements about Trypanosomiasis, I will examine each item for its accuracy before selecting the correct combination.

Option a: i & iii only. Statement i claims Variable Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) protects Trypanosoma sp from the host’s immune response. This is true because VSGs undergo antigenic variation, allowing the parasite to evade host immunity. Statement iii asserts that trypomastigotes invade the circulatory and lymphatic system, which is also correct since the bloodstream (and lymphatics) are primary sites for the trypomastigote stage in mammalian hosts. However, this option excludes ii, which is also a true statement, so option a is incomplete and therefore incorrect.

Option b: ii, iii & iv. This choice includes statement ii (epimastigotes multiply in the salivary gland of the Tsetse fly), which is indeed true for the vector lifecycle of Trypanosoma species, and iii (trypomastigotes invade circulatory & lymphatic system), which is true. But it also includes iv, which says altered sleeping pattern is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Sleeping sickness with irregular sleep is associated with T. brucei (gambiense/rovis), not T. cruzi (which causes Chagas disease). Therefore iv is false, making this entire option incorrect.

Option c: ii & iv only. This option asserts both ii (true) and iv (false) together. Since iv is incorrect, this option is inherently wrong because it includes a false statement.

Option d: i, ii & iii. This option lists i (VSG protects parasite from host immunity – true), ii (epimastigotes multiply in the Tsetse salivary gland – true), and iii (trypomastigotes invade circulatory & lymphatic system – true). All three statements are correct, while iv is false, so this set accurately captures the true statements without including the false one.

Thus, the reasoning shows that the statement combination in option d (i, ii & iii) is the correct set of true statements about Trypanosomiasis.

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