A bacterium entering the body through a small cut in the skin will do which of the following?

Question

A bacterium entering the body through a small cut in the skin will do which of the following?

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

When a bacterium enters via a skin cut, the body mounts an immediate innate immune response, and several options require evaluation for plausibility.

Option a: 'Stimulate release of interferons.' Interferons are cytokines primarily associated with antiviral defenses and signaling to neighboring cells to establish an antiviral state. While bacteria can induce some cytokine release, interferons are not the principal or most direct response to extracellular bacterial invasion. This makes this choice less accurate as the main immediate effect.

Option b: 'Stimulate Natural Killer cell activity.' Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and are especially important for identifying and killing virus-infected or stressed cells. They are less engaged by ordinary extracellular bacterial infections occurring through a skin breach, making this option not the best description of the typical first-line response.

Option c: 'Stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells.' Inducing apoptosis of neighboring healthy cells is not a standard or intended outcome of a simple bacterial entry through a wound. Apoptosis is a controlled cell death process used in development or to remove severely damaged cells, but is not a primary defense mechanism activated by a superficial bacterial entry.

Option d: 'Inactivate the erythrocytes.' Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are not the target of immediate antibacterial defenses in this context. Inactivating them would be harmful and is not a recognized immune mechanism against bacteria at a wound site.

Option e: 'Activates a group of proteins called complement.' The complement system is a key part of innate immunity activated in response to bacteria. It helps opsonize pathogens, attract immune cells, and form membrane attack complexes to lyse bacteria. This is the most accurate and directly relevant mechanism for a bacterium entering through a skin cut.

In summary, among the given options, activating complement (option e) aligns with the typical immediate immune response to extracellular bacteria entering through a wound, whereas the other options describe responses that are either antivirally specific or not characteristic of a primary bacterial wound response.

类似问题

For two animals to be considered of the same species, which of the following MUST be true?

According to lecture and the reading, “Ecological Impacts of Climate Change,” in addition to a shift in species’ range, changes in species’ ______ also have been observed.

Which is NOT a type of natural disturbance event that might result in succession of new communities?

True or false? In both primary and secondary ecosystem succession, annual species are some of the earliest colonizers (before perennial species) because they spread their seeds efficiently into bare and disturbed environments.

Which of the following is true regarding biomes, species and climate change?

Plants that are well adapted to Colorado's dry/semi-arid environment can be used as attractive, but low-water-use landscaping. This type of landscaping (pioneered in Denver and trademarked by Denver Water) is known as _________________.

Which two biomes have precipitation as their limiting factor? Select two answers.

更多留学生实用工具

智能学习助手

风格化写作助手

论文查重助手

文献引用助手

课堂转译助手

课堂笔记助手

Quiz搜索助手

学校历年真题

智能刷题助手

智能匹配练习

希望你的学习变得更简单