Select the TRUE statement.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Both insects and humans produce steroid hormones (e.g., insect ecdysteroids; human cortisol, estrogen) and neuropeptides (e.g., insect allatostatins and diuretic hormones; human oxytocin and vasopressin) that regulate development, metabolism, and homeostasis.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Hormone classes: Steroids are lipid-derived hormones; neuropeptides are short chains of amino acids produced by neurons or neuroendocrine cells. Both classes act as signaling molecules to maintain physiological balance.
- Insect endocrinology: Insects secrete ecdysteroids (steroid-like molting hormones) and many neuropeptides from neurosecretory cells; juvenile hormone is produced by the corpora allata (an endocrine gland), not the brain itself.
- Circulation: Insects have an open circulatory system where hemolymph bathes organs; hormones are released into the hemocoel/hemolymph, not specifically injected "into the heart" as in a closed circulatory system.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Check statement C (provided correct answer): Do insects have steroids and neuropeptides? Yes—ecdysteroids are insect steroid hormones; numerous neuropeptides regulate feeding, water balance, and development. Do humans have both? Yes—humans have steroid hormones (sex steroids, glucocorticoids) and many neuropeptides that regulate homeostasis. Therefore statement C is true.
- Evaluate A: It claims insect hormones are released directly into the heart. In reality, insect neurosecretory cells release hormones into the hemocoel (body cavity) or neurohemal organs; the heart is a dorsal vessel that moves hemolymph but hormones aren’t typically described as released “directly into the heart.” So A is inaccurate.
- Evaluate B: It claims the brain is the source of juvenile hormone. Juvenile hormone is synthesized by the corpora allata glands adjacent to the brain, not by the brain tissue itself. Thus B is incorrect.

3. Calculations
- No numerical calculations are required for this conceptual question.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
- Both taxa share the use of steroid and peptide signaling molecules for physiological regulation, with clear examples in each group confirming the statement.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- A misstates the route of hormone release in insects (hemolymph/hemocoel, not “directly into the heart”).
- B incorrectly attributes juvenile hormone synthesis to the brain rather than the corpora allata.

6. Conclusion
- The true statement is: "Both insects and humans have steroid and neuropeptide hormones that help maintain bodily homeostasis." This matches the provided correct answer.

Select the TRUE statement.Single choice

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