Students are more optimistic about their chances of getting into a particular college if they are told that the school has a 30% acceptance rate than if they are told that it has a 70% rejection rate. This illustrates that the students are influenced by

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The scenario presents a question about how presenting information in a particular way changes people’s judgments. Here is how each option fits or fails.
Option 1: belief perseverance. This phenomenon refers to sticking with initial beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence. The described effect is not about clinging to prior beliefs after receiving information, but about how the framing of information changes judgments. So this choice misidentifies the mechanism.
Option 2: framing. Framing effects occur when the same information is presented in different ways (positive vs negative, percentage vs fraction, etc.) and this presentation influences decisions or judgments. Telling students the acceptance rate as 30% (positive framing about being accepted) versus a 70% rejection rate (negative framing about being rejected) can lead to different optimism levels, illustrating framing.
Option 3: availability. The availability heuristic is about judging the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind. The scenario doesn’t involve ease of recall or vividness of examples affecting the estimate of getting in; it’s about how wording changes perception, not memory accessibility.
Option 4: the representativeness heuristic. This heuristic involves assessing similarity to a prototype or stereotype when judging likelihoods. The example doesn’t rely on similarity to a prototype or pattern-based reasoning about college admission, but on how information presentation alters evaluation, so this is not the right mechanism here.
In summary, the essence of the situation aligns with a framing effect, since the same statistic is presented with different emphases (acceptance vs. rejection) and leads to different levels of optimism. The other options describe distinct cognitive biases or heuristics that do not capture this specific effect.

Students are more optimistic about their chances of getting into a particular college if they are told that the school has a 30% acceptance rate than if they are told that it has a 70% rejection rate. This illustrates that the students are influenced by单项选择题

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