What is emphasized as a potentially viable option to address type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the article ‘The coming age of resistance exercise as a primary form of exercise for health’?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Resistance exercise alone is emphasized as a potentially viable option to address type 2 diabetes (T2D).

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Skeletal muscle is the primary site for postprandial glucose disposal; increasing muscle mass and contractile activity improves glucose uptake.
- Two mechanisms increase muscle glucose uptake: insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and contraction-mediated (insulin-independent) GLUT4 translocation during/after exercise.
- Resistance training (RT) increases muscle mass, strength, and resting metabolic rate, and improves insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in people with T2D.

2. Step-by-step reasoning process
Step 1: RT causes repeated muscle contractions that stimulate GLUT4 translocation independent of insulin, increasing glucose uptake acutely.  
Step 2: Over weeks to months, RT produces muscle hypertrophy and improved metabolic phenotype, raising whole-body glucose disposal capacity.  
Step 3: Increased muscle mass and insulin sensitivity lead to lower fasting glucose and improved glycemic control (reduced HbA1c).  
Step 4: Meta-analyses and trials cited in the article show RT alone can produce clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c comparable to other interventions, supporting RT-alone as a viable strategy for T2D management.

3. Calculations/intermediate steps
- No numerical calculation is required here; the argument relies on physiological mechanisms and published effect sizes showing RT reduces HbA1c and improves insulin sensitivity. If one were to compare effect sizes, studies typically report HbA1c reductions of ~0.4–0.7% with RT, comparable to some aerobic interventions.

4. Why the correct answer is correct
The article argues that resistance exercise by itself can substantially improve glycemic control via increased muscle glucose uptake (contractile and insulin-mediated mechanisms) and increased lean mass. Therefore, "Resistance exercise alone" is highlighted as a potentially viable option to address T2D.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- Aerobic exercise alone: beneficial for cardiometabolic health but the article specifically highlights resistance training as a primary, potentially standalone option.  
- Combination of aerobic and resistance: often recommended, but the question asks what the article emphasizes as a potentially viable option; the emphasis in the article is on resistance alone.  
- Medication: important in T2D management but not the focus of the article’s emphasis on exercise modality.

6. Conclusion
The correct answer, "Resistance exercise alone," matches the article’s emphasis and is therefore the confirmed answer.

What is emphasized as a potentially viable option to address type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the article ‘The coming age of resistance exercise as a primary form of exercise for health’?Single choice

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