In addition to insulin, which hormones are believed to be linked to obesity?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Leptin and ghrelin regulate appetite and energy balance, so they are the hormones most commonly linked to obesity.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts:
- Leptin: a hormone produced by adipose (fat) tissue that signals the hypothalamus to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure. Leptin levels generally correlate with fat mass.
- Ghrelin: a stomach-derived peptide that stimulates appetite; levels rise before meals and fall after eating.
- Obesity correlation: dysregulation of these signals—particularly leptin resistance (high leptin but decreased central response) and altered ghrelin dynamics—contributes to increased energy intake and weight gain.
- Insulin: also involved in energy storage and appetite regulation, but the question asks which other hormones are implicated.

2) Step-by-step reasoning:
- Identify hormones known to influence hunger/satiety and fat storage: leptin and ghrelin are primary candidates.
- Consider mechanisms: leptin normally suppresses appetite; in obesity many people have elevated leptin but reduced sensitivity (leptin resistance), so satiety signaling fails. Ghrelin increases hunger; higher pre-meal ghrelin or impaired post-meal suppression can promote overeating.
- Empirical support: clinical and experimental studies show leptin correlates with adiposity and that leptin resistance is common in obesity; ghrelin levels and patterns influence meal initiation and weight regain.

3) Calculations: none required.

4) Why the correct answer is correct:
- Leptin and ghrelin directly regulate energy intake and are strongly linked mechanistically and clinically to obesity through altered signaling, resistance, and appetite control.

5) Why other options are incorrect:
- "Epinephrine and adrenaline": These are the same molecule (adrenaline = epinephrine) and are acute stress/fight-or-flight hormones; they mobilize energy briefly and are not primary drivers of chronic obesity.
- "Creatine and adipose": Creatine is a metabolite/supplement, not a hormone; adipose is tissue, not a hormone—so this pair is incorrect.
- "Adrenaline and leptin": Although leptin is correct, adrenaline (epinephrine) is not a principal hormone linked to obesity in the chronic regulatory sense.

6) Conclusion:
The correct answer is leptin and ghrelin, which matches the provided answer.

In addition to insulin, which hormones are believed to be linked to obesity?Single choice

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