The directors of a company (CBA Ltd) decide to enter into a contract to purchase office supplies from a partnership, of which one of the company’s directors, Dave, is a partner. Dave clearly stands to gain from the contract. Advise Dave on his obligation to prevent his duties from being breached.

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Question restatement: The directors of a company (CBA Ltd) decide to enter into a contract to purchase office supplies from a partnership, of which one of the company’s directors, Dave, is a partner. Dave clearly stands to gain from the contract. Advise Dave on his obligation to prevent his duties from being breached.

Option a: 'Disclose his personal interests under s 181' — This option asserts that Dave must disclose personal interests under section 181. While section 181 generally concerns the duty to act in good faith and in the best interests of the company (and to use powers for a proper purpose), it is not the specific locus for disclosing personal interests in a contract where there is a potential conflict. The emphasis of s 181 is broader fiduciary conduct, not the particular procedural requirement for disclosure of personal interests in related-party dealings. Therefore, this option misstates the specific procedural obligation involved in conflicts of interest.

Option b: 'Disclose his personal interests to the other directors under s 190' — This option correctly identifies the duty to disclose personal interests in the context of transactions where a director has a potential conflict. Section 190 (as framed in the question) addresses the obligation to disclose personal interests to the board, ensuring that directors are transparent about any benefit they may receive from company dealings. Since Dave stands to gain from the contract with the partnership of which he is a partner, disclosing the interest to the board is the appropriate remedial step to prevent or manage a breach of duty or to facilitate proper governance. The action aligns with the purpose of disclosure provisions that manage conflicts of interest and protect the integrity of board decisions.

Option c: 'None of the above' — This choice would only be correct if neither disclosure nor an alternative duty applied. Given the situation involves a direct personal interest in a proposed contract with a related party, a disclosure obligation is typically triggered. Claiming none of the listed duties apply ignores the standard conflict-of-interest safeguards that exist in corporate governance regimes, making this option inaccurate.

Option d: 'Use the BJR under s 180(2)' — The business judgment rule (BJR) provides that directors are protected when they act with due care, in good faith, and for a proper purpose, even if the outcome is not optimal. However, the BJR does not replace the obligation to disclose conflicts of interest; it is a shield used after proper disclosure and meeting the required standards of process and rationality. In a scenario where there is a personal interest in a transaction with a related party, reliance on the BJR without first disclosing the interest would be inappropriate and potentially a breach of duty. Therefore, this option does not address the core obligation in this situation and is not the primary remedy for preventing breach.

Key insights across options:
- The situation centers on conflict of interest and the need for transparency to avoid improper influence over board decisions.
- The most direct and appropriate remedy is to disclose the personal interest to the board, enabling proper governance and potential recusal or other safeguards.
- Although the BJR provides protection for directors’ decisions if due process is followed, it is not a substitute for disclosure in cases of personal interest; failure to disclose can undermine the validity of the decision even if BJR criteria are later met.

In summary, the correct course is to disclose the personal interest to the directors under the relevant provision that governs disclosure of personal interests in related-party transactions, with the aim of maintaining governance integrity and preventing breach of fiduciary duties. The other options either misstate the scope of the disclosure obligation, or rely on a governance shield without addressing the core requirement to disclose the conflict.

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