What is the coordination number, geometry and oxidation state of Pt in:

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Coordination number equals the number of donor atoms bound to Pt, so here it is 4 (four chloride ligands).

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Coordination number: count of ligands (donor atoms) attached to the metal center.
- Oxidation state: sum of oxidation numbers in the complex equals the overall charge.
- Geometry: d8 transition-metal ions (especially Pt(II)) commonly adopt square planar coordination due to ligand-field stabilization.

2. Step-by-step reasoning
- Identify the complex: the diagram shows [PtCl4]2– (Pt inside brackets with four Cl ligands and an overall 2– charge).
- Count ligands for coordination number: there are four chloride ligands directly bound to Pt, so coordination number = 4.
- Determine oxidation state: assign typical oxidation number for each chloride as –1. Let x be oxidation state of Pt.
  x + 4(–1) = overall charge (–2)
  x – 4 = –2
  x = +2
  Thus Pt is in the +2 oxidation state.

3. Intermediate calculation shown
- x + 4(–1) = –2 → x – 4 = –2 → x = +2

4. Why the geometry is square planar
- Pt(II) has lost two electrons relative to neutral Pt, giving a d8 electron configuration. For a 4-coordinate d8 metal ion, square planar geometry is strongly favored (lower electronic energy) over tetrahedral. Many Pt(II) complexes (e.g., [PtCl4]2–, cisplatin analogs) are classic square planar species.

5. Why other options are incorrect
- (a) and (c): claim 5-coordinate and +4; the structure shows four ligands and overall –2 charge which does not yield +4 for Pt.
- (d): tetrahedral and –2 oxidation state are inconsistent with the shown ligand count and charge (oxidation state is +2, not –2), and Pt(II) tends to be square planar not tetrahedral.
- (e): 5-coordinate, +3 is incompatible with the drawn four Cl ligands and the charge balance.

6. Conclusion
Coordination number = 4, geometry = square planar, oxidation state = +2, which matches answer b.

What is the coordination number, geometry and oxidation state of Pt in:Single choice

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