Which of the following 2016 Excel functions computes the p-value for the chi-square test?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

CHISQ.TEST computes the p-value for a chi-square test in Excel 2016 because it takes observed and expected frequency arrays, calculates the chi-square statistic, and returns the right‑tailed probability.

1) Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- Chi-square statistic: χ² = Σ (O − E)² / E across all cells.  
- Degrees of freedom: for goodness-of-fit df = k − 1; for test of independence df = (r − 1)(c − 1).  
- p-value (right-tailed): p = P(χ² ≥ observed χ² | df). Excel provides functions that either compute χ², return distribution probabilities, or invert probabilities. CHISQ.TEST is the Excel 2016 function designed to return the p-value directly when given observed and expected ranges.

2) Step-by-step reasoning process
- Provide observed and expected arrays to CHISQ.TEST.  
- Internally, Excel computes the χ² statistic using χ² = Σ (O − E)² / E.  
- Excel then evaluates the right-tail probability: p = CHISQ.DIST.RT(χ², df) and returns that p-value.

3) Calculation example (intermediate steps)
- Suppose observed = [10, 20], expected = [12, 18].  
  Step 1: (10−12)²/12 = 4/12 = 0.3333.  
  Step 2: (20−18)²/18 = 4/18 = 0.2222.  
  χ² = 0.3333 + 0.2222 = 0.5556.  
  With df = 1, p ≈ CHISQ.DIST.RT(0.5556,1) ≈ 0.45 (approx.). CHISQ.TEST(B1:C1, D1:E1) would return this p-value directly.

4) Why CHISQ.TEST is correct
- CHISQ.TEST is explicitly implemented to accept observed/expected ranges and return the p-value for the chi-square test in Excel 2016. It encapsulates the χ² calculation and the right-tail probability step.

5) Why the other options are incorrect
- CHI.SQ: not a valid Excel 2016 function name for this purpose.  
- CHISQ.INV.RT: returns the inverse (critical χ² value) for a given probability, not the p-value.  
- CHIDIST: an older compatibility function that returns the right‑tail probability for a given χ² statistic (not the function that takes observed and expected arrays directly); modern use is CHISQ.DIST.RT or CHISQ.TEST.

6) Conclusion
CHISQ.TEST is the correct Excel 2016 function to compute the p-value for the chi-square test, matching the provided answer: CHISQ.TEST.

Which of the following 2016 Excel functions computes the p-value for the chi-square test?Single choice

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