Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) found that automaticity was acquired when:

Question

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In examining Shiffrin and Schneider's (1977) work on automaticity, the key idea is that automatic processing emerges when a stable, consistent mapping exists between what the person is supposed to respond to (targets) and what they must ignore or differentiate (distractors).
Option 1: 'There was a consistent mapping between target and distractor categories' aligns with the classic finding that when stimuli consistently map to specific responses, practice leads to fast, automatic performance because the cognitive system can chunk the task and rely on well-defined associations.
Option 2: 'There was a varied mapping between target and distractor categories' would undermine the formation of stable stimulus-response links, making automaticity unlikely since our responses would have to adapt to changing mappings rather than rely on durable associations.
Option 3: 'People practised the same task for a long time' While extensive practice is relevant to automatization in many theories, Shiffrin and Schneider specifically emphasized the role of consistence in stimulus-response mapping rather than merely repetition; without stability, automaticity would not crystallize in the same way.
Option 4: 'There were rewards for correct detections and punishments for incorrect detections' Although reinforcement can influence performance, the core experimental manipulation for automaticity in their study focused on the mapping consistency, not reward/punishment contingencies, so this option describes a different mechanism.
In short, the central mechanism they identified was the development of automaticity through stable, consistent mappings between targets and distractors, which reduces the need for controlled attentional processing over time, whereas the other options point to factors (varied mappings, mere repetition, or reinforcement) that do not capture the specific condition linked to automaticity in that body of work.

Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) found that automaticity was acquired when:Single choice

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