In her lecture, Dr. Hostinar talked about a study she conducted with children who had been institutionalized as orphans and then adopted. In general, Hostinar found that these children

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BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

Let’s break down what the question is asking about Hostinar’s findings from her study of children who were institutionalized as orphans and then adopted.
Option 1: 'were more likely to have a disorganized attachment than children who had never been institutionalized.' This aligns with what research suggests—early institutional care is linked to higher rates of disorganized attachment patterns, though adoption can improve outcomes over time, the risk remains elevated compared to never-institutionalized peers.
Option 2: 'were unable to be tested in the strange situation because it was too stressful.' While the strange situation can be stressful for previously institutionalized children, it isn’t standard to categorically say they could not be tested; many studies, including those on adopted/still-ininstitutionalized groups, used the procedure with careful ethical considerations, so this statement is not an accurate generalization of her findings.
Option 3: 'formed secure attachments even to the caregivers in their institutions/orphanages.' This would imply that institutional care produced secure attachments with institutional caregivers, which is contrary to well-documented patterns that institutional caregiving often leads to less secure attachment due to factors like inconsistency and neglect; thus this option misrepresents typical findings.
Option 4: 'had essentially the same type of attachment as their non-adoptive peers, demonstrating the positive effect of a loving adoptive family.' While adoption can improve attachment security, saying they are essentially the same as non-adopted peers ignores evidence of lingering differences in some children and overstates the uniformity of outcomes; it’s not the most accurate summary of her general finding.

In summary, option 1 best captures the established trend from Hostinar’s work: early institutionalization raises the likelihood of disorganized attachment relative to peers never exposed to institutional care, even though adoption can foster improvements over time. The other choices describe scenarios that are inconsistent with the broader literature or overgeneralize the outcomes for adopted children.

In her lecture, Dr. Hostinar talked about a study she conducted with children who had been institutionalized as orphans and then adopted. In general, Hostinar found that these childrenSingle choice

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