There are 2 things which this APA 7 reference list is missing. You have written one answer in the last question, write the second answer down in the box below.

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

The references are not arranged alphabetically by authors’ surnames — APA 7 requires the reference list to be ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last name.

1. Relevant knowledge points and concepts
- APA 7 reference list rules: (a) entries must be in alphabetical order by author(s)’ last name, (b) entries must use a hanging indent, and (c) the list should be double‑spaced. Each entry’s first line begins at the left margin and subsequent lines are indented (hanging indent).

2. Step‑by‑step reasoning
- Read the visible author surnames in order: Li, Nicol, Liu, Lu, Wiliam.
- Compare these alphabetically: all surnames beginning with L (Li, Liu, Lu) should appear before any surname beginning with N (Nicol). Within the L group, alphabetical sequence is Li (L‑i), Liu (L‑i‑u), Lu (L‑u).
- In the shown list Nicol (N) appears before Liu (Liu should come right after Li), which breaks alphabetical ordering rules.

3. Intermediate steps / comparisons
- Li vs Liu: Li (L‑i) comes before Liu (L‑i‑u) because Li is the shorter form after identical initial letters.
- Li vs Nicol: L < N, so any L surname belongs before Nicol.
- Correct ordering for the visible set would be: Li, Liu, Lu, Nicol, Wiliam (etc.).

4. Why this is the correct missing element
- APA 7 explicitly mandates the reference list be alphabetized by author surname. The screenshot shows that requirement is not met (Nicol is mistakenly placed ahead of Liu), so the second missing element is incorrect/non‑alphabetical ordering.

5. Brief note on other possible issues (why they’re not the demanded second answer)
- Hanging indent: already cited as missing (your previous answer). DOI formatting and italics appear present. Double spacing might be a formatting concern, but the most evident and required rule violated here is alphabetical order.

Conclusion: The first missing element (as you wrote) is that there is no hanging indent. The second missing element is that the reference entries are not in alphabetical order by authors’ surnames — confirming the correct identification of both issues.

There are 2 things which this APA 7 reference list is missing. You have written one answer in the last question, write the second answer down in the box below.Short answer

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