According to Leonard Maltin (the author of our textbook), who "effected the single greatest change in cartoon production" by utilizing celluloid (cels) as part of the animation process?

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The question asks about who, according to Leonard Maltin, effected the single greatest change in cartoon production by using celluloid cels in animation.
Option 1: Winsor McCay. While McCay was a pioneering animator known for complex, detailed work (like Gertie the Dinosaur), Maltin attributes the major shift to the adoption of cels by a collaborator, not McCay himself. So this option misidentifies the figure associated with cel animation.
Option 2: Earl Hurd. This is the correct pick. Earl Hurd was instrumental in developing and popularizing cel animation as a standard technique, which transformed production efficiency and visual quality in cartoons. Maltin highlights this methodological leap as the single greatest change in the field.
Option 3: John Randolph Bray. Bray contributed to early animation techniques and advocacy, including some production innovations, but Maltin emphasizes Hurd’s cel-based approach as the defining change, not Bray.
Option 4: Walter Lantz. Lantz became famous later for his own studio work (notably Woody Woodpecker) and animation practices, but he is not credited by Maltin as the agent of the cel animation breakthrough.
In summary, the statement aligns with Maltin’s view that using celluloid cels markedly altered how cartoons were produced, and Earl Hurd is identified as the key figure responsible for that transformation. The other names are important in animation history for different reasons, but not for this specific paradigm-shifting contribution.

According to Leonard Maltin (the author of our textbook), who "effected the single greatest change in cartoon production" by utilizing celluloid (cels) as part of the animation process?Single choice

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