What are major species in a 0.10 M aqueous solution of NH3?

Question

BlackTom AI · Accepted Answer

To determine the major species in a 0.10 M NH3(aq) solution, we need to consider NH3 as a weak base and its equilibrium with water: NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH−. The vast majority of NH3 remains as NH3(aq) with water acting as the solvent.

Option 1: NH4+(aq), OH−(aq), and H2O(l) suggests that the dominant species are the ions produced by base hydrolysis. While NH4+ and OH− are formed, they are present in much smaller amounts compared to undissociated NH3; they are not the major species.

Option 2: NH4+(aq), OH−(aq), H3O+(aq), and H2O(l) includes H3O+ (acidic) which is implausible for a basic NH3 solution; the solution is not dominated by hydronium, so this is incorrect.

Option 3: NH4+(aq) and OH−(aq) omits the remaining NH3(aq) that is still prevalent in solution; this ignores the substantial uncharged base that exists alongside the ions, making it incomplete as the major species description.

Option 4: NH3(aq) and H2O(l) accurately reflects that the primary components are the unprotonated ammonia molecules in equilibrium with water, with NH4+ and OH− present only in smaller amounts as reaction products.

Thus, the statement that best captures the major species in this solution is the combination of NH3(aq) and H2O(l).

What are major species in a 0.10 M aqueous solution of NH3?Single choice

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